Political Structure That Involves Capitalism Research Assignment - 275 Words

Political Structure That Involves Capitalism Research Assignment (Essay Sample) Content: THEORY FORUM (SOCU)Name:Institution:Top of FormBottom of FormKARL MARX THEORIES ON IDEAL SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SYSTEMSKarl Marx was one of the most significant thinkers in ancient society.In the 1900s, Marx's brilliant ideas had an impact on many communal governments across the globe.He had theories to support his arguments: The Marxian theory of class is a key part of the explanation of capitalistproduction. Aclassis a group of people in the same position in relation to controlling ownership of wealth production.According to Marx, the struggleof class between theproletariat (working class) and thebourgeoisie (capitalist class)is thegreatest challengeof social modern change. In the beginning, Marx identified three classes; on the basis of profit for the capitalist, source of income that is wage for labor, and rent for the landowner. But capitalism has absorbed the landlord class, leaving society with two classes: workers and capitalists. This theory is opposed by those scholars who define class not in terms of non-ownership or ownership of wealth, but in terms of style of life and prestige (Durkheim,et. Al, 2004).Secondly is the Marxist theory of politics- this is rather on how the change from capitalism to socialism can be implemented. Marxian views on the revolution of socialists may be classified into three sub-topics: self-education or leadership, the use of coercive measures and the attitude tonon-socialist revolution. A lot has been made of Marx's use of the term 'dictatorship of the proletariat'. Lastly of Marxist theory is that of socialism/communism, that is the future form of society that is intended to replace capitalism. Marx had not much to say about the future. Nevertheless, he was generally positive in line with his optimistic view of human nature and the ability of workers to build a better, more fair and more truly human society than that of capitalism (Kettler,et. al, 2008) EMILE DURKHEIM ON IDEAL SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SYSTEMSEmi le Durkheim was the first French academic sociologist. According to him, all elements of society, including religion and molarity, are outcomes of history. As they are part of the natural world and they do not have an exact precise origin and can also be studied scientifically. The fundamental claim for Durkheims sociology is what he calls social facts. A social fact is a category of facts which present very special characteristics consisting of, thinking and manners of acting which are invested with a coercive power by virtue of which they exercise control over him. Durkheim said a society is not merely a group of persons living in one particular geographical location .Rather, it is an ensemble of beliefs, ideas, and sentiments of all kind recognized through individual conscience (Henslin, 2007)He classified social facts into two classes, the first co ncerns facts of an operative, physiological order. It includes a societys religious beliefs, the legal concept of beauty etc. The second class is of structural, morphological order. It is mostly concerned with the material and demographic conditions of life. He also invented three theories:Functionalism- Itemphasizes on a societal equilibrium .If anything happens to disrupt the flow and the order of the system, society must adjust to acquire a stable state. If one part changes, it affects the society as a whole (Durkheim,et. al, 2004). Division of labor-focused on the change in societies from simple societies to complex ones. He argues that ancient societies were made up of the same or rather homogenous people that shared almost the same in terms of religious beliefs, values, and backgrounds. Modern societies, on contrary, are made up of complex beliefs, a division of labor and backgrounds. Anomie- It states "The more one has, the more one wants, since satisfactions received only stimulate instead of filling needs". MAX WEBER ON IDEAL SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SYSTEMS He was German, philosopher, sociologist, jurist, andpolitical economist whose ideas significantly influencedso...